Class: java.lang.StringBuilder

A mutable sequence of characters. This class provides an API compatible with StringBuffer, but with no guarantee of synchronization. This class is designed for use as a drop-in replacement for StringBuffer in places where the string buffer was being used by a single thread (as is generally the case). Where possible, it is recommended that this class be used in preference to StringBuffer as it will be faster under most implementations.

The principal operations on a StringBuilder are the append and insert methods, which are overloaded so as to accept data of any type. Each effectively converts a given datum to a string and then appends or inserts the characters of that string to the string builder. The append method always adds these characters at the end of the builder; the insert method adds the characters at a specified point.

For example, if z refers to a string builder object whose current contents are "start", then the method call z.append("le") would cause the string builder to contain "startle", whereas z.insert(4, "le") would alter the string builder to contain "starlet".

In general, if sb refers to an instance of a StringBuilder, then sb.append(x) has the same effect as sb.insert(sb.length(), x). Every string builder has a capacity. As long as the length of the character sequence contained in the string builder does not exceed the capacity, it is not necessary to allocate a new internal buffer. If the internal buffer overflows, it is automatically made larger.

Instances of StringBuilder are not safe for use by multiple threads. If such synchronization is required then it is recommended that StringBuffer be used.

Authors:
@author Michael McCloskey
See:
@see StringBuffer
@see String
Since:
@since 1.5

Inheritance

Superclass tree: Implements:

Methods

  • StringBuildertop

    public StringBuilder()
    Constructs a string builder with no characters in it and an initial capacity of 16 characters.
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  • StringBuildertop

    public StringBuilder(int capacity)
    Constructs a string builder with no characters in it and an initial capacity specified by the capacity argument.
    Parameters:
    @param capacity the initial capacity.
    Exceptions:
    @throws NegativeArraySizeException if the capacity argument is less than 0.
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  • StringBuildertop

    public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq)
    Constructs a string builder that contains the same characters as the specified CharSequence. The initial capacity of the string builder is 16 plus the length of the CharSequence argument.
    Parameters:
    @param seq the sequence to copy.
    Exceptions:
    @throws NullPointerException if seq is null
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  • StringBuildertop

    public StringBuilder(String str)
    Constructs a string builder initialized to the contents of the specified string. The initial capacity of the string builder is 16 plus the length of the string argument.
    Parameters:
    @param str the initial contents of the buffer.
    Exceptions:
    @throws NullPointerException if str is null
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(char c)
    Appends the specified character to this Appendable.
    Parameters:
    @param c The character to append
    Return:
    @return A reference to this Appendable
    Specified by:
    append from Appendable
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(double d)
    Appends the string representation of the double argument to this sequence.

    The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param d a double.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(double)
    @see StringBuilder.append(java.lang.String)
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(float f)
    Appends the string representation of the float argument to this sequence.

    The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this string sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param f a float.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(float)
    @see StringBuilder.append(java.lang.String)
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(int i)
    Appends the string representation of the int argument to this sequence.

    The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param i an int.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(int)
    @see StringBuilder.append(java.lang.String)
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(long lng)
    Appends the string representation of the long argument to this sequence.

    The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence.

    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(long)
    @see StringBuilder.append(java.lang.String)
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s)
    Appends the specified character sequence to this Appendable.

    Depending on which class implements the character sequence csq, the entire sequence may not be appended. For instance, if csq is a java.nio.CharBuffer then the subsequence to append is defined by the buffer's position and limit.

    Return:
    @return A reference to this Appendable
    Exceptions:
    @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
    Specified by:
    append from Appendable
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end)
    Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this Appendable.

    An invocation of this method of the form out.append(csq, start, end) when csq is not null, behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation 

         out.append(csq.subSequence(start, end))
    Parameters:
    @param s the sequence to append.
    @param start The index of the first character in the subsequence
    @param end The index of the character following the last character in the subsequence
    Return:
    @return A reference to this Appendable
    Exceptions:
    @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException If start or end are negative, start is greater than end, or end is greater than csq.length()
    Specified by:
    append from Appendable
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(Object obj)
    Appends the string representation of the Object argument.

    The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param obj an Object.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(java.lang.Object)
    @see StringBuilder.append(java.lang.String)
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(String str)
    Appends the specified string to this character sequence.

    The characters of the String argument are appended, in order, increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the argument. If str is null, then the four characters "null" are appended.

    Let n be the length of this character sequence just prior to execution of the append method. Then the character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to the character at index k in the old character sequence, if k is less than n; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index k-n in the argument str.

    Parameters:
    @param str a string.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb)
    Appends the specified StringBuffer to this sequence.

    The characters of the StringBuffer argument are appended, in order, to this sequence, increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the argument. If sb is null, then the four characters "null" are appended to this sequence.

    Let n be the length of this character sequence just prior to execution of the append method. Then the character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to the character at index k in the old character sequence, if k is less than n; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index k-n in the argument sb.

    Parameters:
    @param sb the StringBuffer to append.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    private StringBuilder append(StringBuilder sb)
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(boolean b)
    Appends the string representation of the boolean argument to the sequence.

    The argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then appended to this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param b a boolean.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(boolean)
    @see StringBuilder.append(java.lang.String)
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(char[] str)
    Appends the string representation of the char array argument to this sequence.

    The characters of the array argument are appended, in order, to the contents of this sequence. The length of this sequence increases by the length of the argument.

    The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char[]) and the characters of that string were then appended to this character sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param str the characters to be appended.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendtop

    public StringBuilder append(char[] str, int offset, int len)
    Appends the string representation of a subarray of the char array argument to this sequence.

    Characters of the char array str, starting at index offset, are appended, in order, to the contents of this sequence. The length of this sequence increases by the value of len.

    The overall effect is exactly as if the arguments were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char[], int, int) and the characters of that string were then appended to this character sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param str the characters to be appended.
    @param offset the index of the first char to append.
    @param len the number of chars to append.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Override hierarchy:
    append from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • appendCodePointtop

    public StringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint)
    Appends the string representation of the codePoint argument to this sequence.

    The argument is appended to the contents of this sequence. The length of this sequence increases by Character.charCount(codePoint).

    The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a char array by the method Character.toChars(int) and the character in that array were then appended to this character sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param codePoint a Unicode code point
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
    Override hierarchy:
    appendCodePoint from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • deletetop

    public StringBuilder delete(int start, int end)
    Removes the characters in a substring of this sequence. The substring begins at the specified start and extends to the character at index end - 1 or to the end of the sequence if no such character exists. If start is equal to end, no changes are made.
    Parameters:
    @param start The beginning index, inclusive.
    @param end The ending index, exclusive.
    Return:
    @return This object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if start is negative, greater than length(), or greater than end.
    Override hierarchy:
    delete from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • deleteCharAttop

    public StringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index)
    Removes the char at the specified position in this sequence. This sequence is shortened by one char.

    Note: If the character at the given index is a supplementary character, this method does not remove the entire character. If correct handling of supplementary characters is required, determine the number of chars to remove by calling Character.charCount(thisSequence.codePointAt(index)), where thisSequence is this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param index Index of char to remove
    Return:
    @return This object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is negative or greater than or equal to length().
    Override hierarchy:
    deleteCharAt from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • indexOftop

    public int indexOf(String str)
    Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value k such that: 
     this.toString().startsWith(str, k)
    is true.
    Parameters:
    @param str any string.
    Return:
    @return if the string argument occurs as a substring within this object, then the index of the first character of the first such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a substring, -1 is returned.
    Exceptions:
    @throws NullPointerException if str is null.
    Override hierarchy:
    indexOf from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • indexOftop

    public int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex)
    Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index. The integer returned is the smallest value k for which: 
         k >= Math.min(fromIndex, str.length()) &&
                   this.toString().startsWith(str, k)
    If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.
    Parameters:
    @param str the substring for which to search.
    @param fromIndex the index from which to start the search.
    Return:
    @return the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
    Exceptions:
    @throws NullPointerException if str is null.
    Override hierarchy:
    indexOf from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char c)
    Inserts the string representation of the char argument into this sequence.

    The second argument is inserted into the contents of this sequence at the position indicated by offset. The length of this sequence increases by one.

    The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char) and the character in that string were then inserted into this character sequence at the position indicated by offset.

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param c a char.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, double d)
    Inserts the string representation of the double argument into this sequence.

    The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence at the indicated offset.

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param d a double.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(double)
    @see StringBuilder.insert(int, java.lang.String)
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, float f)
    Inserts the string representation of the float argument into this sequence.

    The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence at the indicated offset.

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param f a float.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(float)
    @see StringBuilder.insert(int, java.lang.String)
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, int i)
    Inserts the string representation of the second int argument into this sequence.

    The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence at the indicated offset.

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param i an int.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(int)
    @see StringBuilder.insert(int, java.lang.String)
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, long l)
    Inserts the string representation of the long argument into this sequence.

    The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence at the position indicated by offset.

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param l a long.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(long)
    @see StringBuilder.insert(int, java.lang.String)
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s)
    Inserts the specified CharSequence into this sequence.

    The characters of the CharSequence argument are inserted, in order, into this sequence at the indicated offset, moving up any characters originally above that position and increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the argument s.

    The result of this method is exactly the same as if it were an invocation of this object's insert(dstOffset, s, 0, s.length()) method.

    If s is null, then the four characters "null" are inserted into this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param dstOffset the offset.
    @param s the sequence to be inserted
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s, int start, int end)
    Inserts a subsequence of the specified CharSequence into this sequence.

    The subsequence of the argument s specified by start and end are inserted, in order, into this sequence at the specified destination offset, moving up any characters originally above that position. The length of this sequence is increased by end - start.

    The character at index k in this sequence becomes equal to:

    • the character at index k in this sequence, if k is less than dstOffset
    • the character at index k+start-dstOffset in the argument s, if k is greater than or equal to dstOffset but is less than dstOffset+end-start
    • the character at index k-(end-start) in this sequence, if k is greater than or equal to dstOffset+end-start

    The dstOffset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    The start argument must be nonnegative, and not greater than end.

    The end argument must be greater than or equal to start, and less than or equal to the length of s.

    If s is null, then this method inserts characters as if the s parameter was a sequence containing the four characters "null".

    Parameters:
    @param dstOffset the offset in this sequence.
    @param s the sequence to be inserted.
    @param start the starting index of the subsequence to be inserted.
    @param end the end index of the subsequence to be inserted.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if dstOffset is negative or greater than this.length(), or start or end are negative, or start is greater than end or end is greater than s.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, Object obj)
    Inserts the string representation of the Object argument into this character sequence.

    The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence at the indicated offset.

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param obj an Object.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(java.lang.Object)
    @see StringBuilder.insert(int, java.lang.String)
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, String str)
    Inserts the string into this character sequence.

    The characters of the String argument are inserted, in order, into this sequence at the indicated offset, moving up any characters originally above that position and increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the argument. If str is null, then the four characters "null" are inserted into this sequence.

    The character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to:

    • the character at index k in the old character sequence, if k is less than offset
    • the character at index k-offset in the argument str, if k is not less than offset but is less than offset+str.length()
    • the character at index k-str.length() in the old character sequence, if k is not less than offset+str.length()

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param str a string.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, boolean b)
    Inserts the string representation of the boolean argument into this sequence.

    The second argument is converted to a string as if by the method String.valueOf, and the characters of that string are then inserted into this sequence at the indicated offset.

    The offset argument must be greater than or equal to 0, and less than or equal to the length of this sequence.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param b a boolean.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    See:
    @see String.valueOf(boolean)
    @see StringBuilder.insert(int, java.lang.String)
    @see AbstractStringBuilder.length()
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int offset, char[] str)
    Inserts the string representation of the char array argument into this sequence.

    The characters of the array argument are inserted into the contents of this sequence at the position indicated by offset. The length of this sequence increases by the length of the argument.

    The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted to a string by the method String.valueOf(char[]) and the characters of that string were then inserted into this character sequence at the position indicated by offset.

    Parameters:
    @param offset the offset.
    @param str a character array.
    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if the offset is invalid.
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • inserttop

    public StringBuilder insert(int index, char[] str, int offset, int len)
    Inserts the string representation of a subarray of the str array argument into this sequence. The subarray begins at the specified offset and extends len chars. The characters of the subarray are inserted into this sequence at the position indicated by index. The length of this sequence increases by len chars.
    Parameters:
    @param index position at which to insert subarray.
    @param str A char array.
    @param offset the index of the first char in subarray to be inserted.
    @param len the number of chars in the subarray to be inserted.
    Return:
    @return This object
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative or greater than length(), or offset or len are negative, or (offset+len) is greater than str.length.
    Override hierarchy:
    insert from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • lastIndexOftop

    public int lastIndexOf(String str)
    Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring. The rightmost empty string "" is considered to occur at the index value this.length(). The returned index is the largest value k such that 
     this.toString().startsWith(str, k)
    is true.
    Parameters:
    @param str the substring to search for.
    Return:
    @return if the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring within this object, then the index of the first character of the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as a substring, -1 is returned.
    Exceptions:
    @throws NullPointerException if str is null.
    Override hierarchy:
    lastIndexOf from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • lastIndexOftop

    public int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex)
    Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring. The integer returned is the largest value k such that: 
         k <_ math.minfromindex="math.minfromindex" str.length="str.length" _="_" this.tostring.startswithstr="this.tostring.startswithstr" k="k" pre="pre">
    If no such value of k exists, then -1 is returned.
    Parameters:
    @param str the substring to search for.
    @param fromIndex the index to start the search from.
    Return:
    @return the index within this sequence of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
    Exceptions:
    @throws NullPointerException if str is null.
    Override hierarchy:
    lastIndexOf from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • readObjecttop

    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
    readObject is called to restore the state of the StringBuffer from a stream.
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  • replacetop

    public StringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str)
    Replaces the characters in a substring of this sequence with characters in the specified String. The substring begins at the specified start and extends to the character at index end - 1 or to the end of the sequence if no such character exists. First the characters in the substring are removed and then the specified String is inserted at start. (This sequence will be lengthened to accommodate the specified String if necessary.)
    Parameters:
    @param start The beginning index, inclusive.
    @param end The ending index, exclusive.
    @param str String that will replace previous contents.
    Return:
    @return This object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws StringIndexOutOfBoundsException if start is negative, greater than length(), or greater than end.
    Override hierarchy:
    replace from AbstractStringBuilder
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  • reversetop

    public StringBuilder reverse()
    Causes this character sequence to be replaced by the reverse of the sequence. If there are any surrogate pairs included in the sequence, these are treated as single characters for the reverse operation. Thus, the order of the high-low surrogates is never reversed. Let n be the character length of this character sequence (not the length in char values) just prior to execution of the reverse method. Then the character at index k in the new character sequence is equal to the character at index n-k-1 in the old character sequence.

    Note that the reverse operation may result in producing surrogate pairs that were unpaired low-surrogates and high-surrogates before the operation. For example, reversing "\uDC00\uD800" produces "\uD800\uDC00" which is a valid surrogate pair.

    Return:
    @return a reference to this object.
    Override hierarchy:
    reverse from AbstractStringBuilder
    Related Links:
    Google Code Search
    Stack Overflow

  • toStringtop

    public String toString()
    Returns a string containing the characters in this sequence in the same order as this sequence. The length of the string will be the length of this sequence.
    Return:
    @return a string consisting of exactly this sequence of characters
    Specified by:
    toString from CharSequence
    Override hierarchy:
    toString from AbstractStringBuilder
    toString from Object
    Related Links:
    Google Code Search
    Stack Overflow

  • writeObjecttop

    private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException
    Save the state of the StringBuilder instance to a stream (that is, serialize it).
    Misc:
    @serialData the number of characters currently stored in the string builder (int), followed by the characters in the string builder (char[]). The length of the char array may be greater than the number of characters currently stored in the string builder, in which case extra characters are ignored.
    Related Links:
    Google Code Search
    Stack Overflow

Fields

  • serialVersionUID

    static final long serialVersionUID = 4383685877147921099
    use serialVersionUID for interoperability