Class: java.lang.Class<T>

Instances of the class Class represent classes and interfaces in a running Java application. An enum is a kind of class and an annotation is a kind of interface. Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as a Class object that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number of dimensions. The primitive Java types (boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, and double), and the keyword void are also represented as Class objects.

Class has no public constructor. Instead Class objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes are loaded and by calls to the defineClass method in the class loader.

The following example uses a Class object to print the class name of an object: 

     void printClassName(Object obj) {
         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
     }

It is also possible to get the Class object for a named type (or for void) using a class literal (JLS Section 15.8.2). For example: 

     System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());
Authors:
@author unascribed
See:
@see ClassLoader.defineClass(byte[], int, int)
Version:
@version 1.135, 05/25/01
Since:
@since JDK1.0

Inheritance

Superclass tree: Implements:

Methods

  • Classtop

    private Class()
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  • addAlltop

    static private void addAll(Collection c, Field[] o)
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  • argumentTypesToStringtop

    static private String argumentTypesToString(Class[] argTypes)
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  • arrayContentsEqtop

    static private boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2)
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  • asSubclasstop

    public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz)
    Casts this Class object to represent a subclass of the class represented by the specified class object. Checks that that the cast is valid, and throws a ClassCastException if it is not. If this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.

    This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of a Class object to pass it to an API that restricts the Class objects that it is willing to accept. A cast would generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented by erasure).

    Return:
    @return this Class object, cast to represent a subclass of the specified class object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws ClassCastException if this Class object does not represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes the class itself).
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • casttop

    public T cast(Object obj)
    Casts an object to the class or interface represented by this Class object.
    Parameters:
    @param obj the object to be cast
    Return:
    @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
    Exceptions:
    @throws ClassCastException if the object is not null and is not assignable to the type T.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • checkInittedtop

    static private void checkInitted()
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  • checkMemberAccesstop

    private void checkMemberAccess(int which, ClassLoader ccl)
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  • clearCachesOnClassRedefinitiontop

    private void clearCachesOnClassRedefinition()
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  • copyConstructorstop

    static private Constructor[] copyConstructors(Constructor[] arg)
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  • copyFieldstop

    static private Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg)
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  • copyMethodstop

    static private Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg)
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  • desiredAssertionStatustop

    public boolean desiredAssertionStatus()
    Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked. If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned; otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned; otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.

    Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided for the benefit of the JRE itself. (It allows a class to determine at the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.) Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified class when it was (or will be) initialized.

    Return:
    @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
    See:
    @see ClassLoader.setClassAssertionStatus(java.lang.String, boolean)
    @see ClassLoader.setPackageAssertionStatus(java.lang.String, boolean)
    @see ClassLoader.setDefaultAssertionStatus(boolean)
    Since:
    @since 1.4
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  • desiredAssertionStatus0top

    static native private boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class clazz)
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  • enumConstantDirectorytop

    Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory()
    Returns a map from simple name to enum constant. This package-private method is used internally by Enum to implement public static > T valueOf(Class, String) efficiently. Note that the map is returned by this method is created lazily on first use. Typically it won't ever get created.
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  • forNametop

    public static Class<?> forName(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException
    Returns the Class object associated with the class or interface with the given string name. Invoking this method is equivalent to: 
      Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)
    where currentLoader denotes the defining class loader of the current class.

    For example, the following code fragment returns the runtime Class descriptor for the class named java.lang.Thread: 

       Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")

    A call to forName("X") causes the class named X to be initialized.

    Parameters:
    @param className the fully qualified name of the desired class.
    Return:
    @return the Class object for the class with the specified name.
    Exceptions:
    @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
    @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked by this method fails
    @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
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  • forNametop

    public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader) throws ClassNotFoundException
    Returns the Class object associated with the class or interface with the given string name, using the given class loader. Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same format returned by getName) this method attempts to locate, load, and link the class or interface. The specified class loader is used to load the class or interface. If the parameter loader is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap class loader. The class is initialized only if the initialize parameter is true and if it has not been initialized earlier.

    If name denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose name is name. Therefore, this method cannot be used to obtain any of the Class objects representing primitive types or void.

    If name denotes an array class, the component type of the array class is loaded but not initialized.

    For example, in an instance method the expression: 

      Class.forName("Foo")
    is equivalent to: 
      Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())
    Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of The Java Language Specification. Note that this method does not check whether the requested class is accessible to its caller.

    If the loader is null, and a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this method calls the security manager's checkPermission method with a RuntimePermission("getClassLoader") permission to ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.

    Parameters:
    @param name fully qualified name of the desired class
    @param initialize whether the class must be initialized
    @param loader class loader from which the class must be loaded
    Return:
    @return class object representing the desired class
    Exceptions:
    @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
    @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked by this method fails
    @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by the specified class loader
    See:
    @see Class.forName(java.lang.String)
    @see ClassLoader
    Since:
    @since 1.2
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  • forName0top

    static native private Class forName0(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader) throws ClassNotFoundException
    Called after security checks have been made.
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  • getAnnotationtop

    public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass)
    Returns this element's annotation for the specified type if such an annotation is present, else null.
    Return:
    @return this element's annotation for the specified annotation type if present on this element, else null
    Specified by:
    getAnnotation from AnnotatedElement
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  • getAnnotationTypetop

    AnnotationType getAnnotationType()
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  • getAnnotationstop

    public Annotation[] getAnnotations()
    Returns all annotations present on this element. (Returns an array of length zero if this element has no annotations.) The caller of this method is free to modify the returned array; it will have no effect on the arrays returned to other callers.
    Return:
    @return all annotations present on this element
    Specified by:
    getAnnotations from AnnotatedElement
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  • getCanonicalNametop

    public String getCanonicalName()
    Returns the canonical name of the the underlying class as defined by the Java Language Specification. Returns null if the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component type does not have a canonical name).
    Return:
    @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and null otherwise.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getClassLoadertop

    public ClassLoader getClassLoader()
    Returns the class loader for the class. Some implementations may use null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap class loader.

    If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then this method calls the security manager's checkPermission method with a RuntimePermission("getClassLoader") permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.

    If this object represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.

    Return:
    @return the class loader that loaded the class or interface represented by this object.
    Exceptions:
    @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method denies access to the class loader for the class.
    See:
    @see ClassLoader
    @see SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
    @see RuntimePermission
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  • getClassLoader0top

    native ClassLoader getClassLoader0()
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  • getClassestop

    public Class[] getClasses()
    Returns an array containing Class objects representing all the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class represented by this Class object. This includes public class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class and interface members declared by the class. This method returns an array of length 0 if this Class object has no public member classes or interfaces. This method also returns an array of length 0 if this Class object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.
    Return:
    @return the array of Class objects representing the public members of this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getComponentTypetop

    public native Class<?> getComponentType()
    Returns the Class representing the component type of an array. If this class does not represent an array class this method returns null.
    Return:
    @return the Class representing the component type of this class if this class is an array
    See:
    @see java.lang.reflect.Array
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getConstantPooltop

    native ConstantPool getConstantPool()
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  • getConstructortop

    public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
    Returns a Constructor object that reflects the specified public constructor of the class represented by this Class object. The parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the constructor's formal parameter types, in declared order.

    The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class represented by this Class object whose formal parameter types match those specified by parameterTypes.

    Parameters:
    @param parameterTypes the parameter array
    Return:
    @return the Method object of the public constructor that matches the specified parameterTypes
    Exceptions:
    @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getConstructor0top

    private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class[] parameterTypes, int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
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  • getConstructorstop

    public Constructor[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException
    Returns an array containing Constructor objects reflecting all the public constructors of the class represented by this Class object. An array of length 0 is returned if the class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
    Return:
    @return the array containing Method objects for all the declared public constructors of this class matches the specified parameterTypes
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredAnnotationstop

    public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()
    Returns all annotations that are directly present on this element. Unlike the other methods in this interface, this method ignores inherited annotations. (Returns an array of length zero if no annotations are directly present on this element.) The caller of this method is free to modify the returned array; it will have no effect on the arrays returned to other callers.
    Return:
    @return All annotations directly present on this element
    Specified by:
    getDeclaredAnnotations from AnnotatedElement
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  • getDeclaredClassestop

    public Class[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException
    Returns an array of Class objects reflecting all the classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by this Class object. This includes public, protected, default (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or interfaces as members, or if this Class object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.
    Return:
    @return the array of Class objects representing all the declared members of this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredClasses0top

    native private Class[] getDeclaredClasses0()
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  • getDeclaredConstructortop

    public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
    Returns a Constructor object that reflects the specified constructor of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the constructor's formal parameter types, in declared order.
    Parameters:
    @param parameterTypes the parameter array
    Return:
    @return The Method object for the constructor with the specified parameter list
    Exceptions:
    @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredConstructorstop

    public Constructor[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException
    Returns an array of Constructor objects reflecting all the constructors declared by the class represented by this Class object. These are public, protected, default (package) access, and private constructors. The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. If the class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array. This method returns an array of length 0 if this Class object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.

    See The Java Language Specification, section 8.2.

    Return:
    @return the array of Method objects representing all the declared constructors of this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredConstructors0top

    native private Constructor[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly)
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  • getDeclaredFieldtop

    public Field getDeclaredField(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException
    Returns a Field object that reflects the specified declared field of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String that specifies the simple name of the desired field. Note that this method will not reflect the length field of an array class.
    Parameters:
    @param name the name of the field
    Return:
    @return the Field object for the specified field in this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is not found.
    @exception NullPointerException if name is null
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredFieldstop

    public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException
    Returns an array of Field objects reflecting all the fields declared by the class or interface represented by this Class object. This includes public, protected, default (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields. The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class or interface declares no fields, or if this Class object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.

    See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.3.

    Return:
    @return the array of Field objects representing all the declared fields of this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredFields0top

    native private Field[] getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly)
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  • getDeclaredMethodtop

    public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
    Returns a Method object that reflects the specified declared method of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String that specifies the simple name of the desired method, and the parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared order. If more than one method with the same parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily. If the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a NoSuchMethodException is raised.
    Parameters:
    @param name the name of the method
    @param parameterTypes the parameter array
    Return:
    @return the Method object for the method of this class matching the specified name and parameters
    Exceptions:
    @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
    @exception NullPointerException if name is null
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredMethodstop

    public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException
    Returns an array of Method objects reflecting all the methods declared by the class or interface represented by this Class object. This includes public, protected, default (package) access, and private methods, but excludes inherited methods. The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class or interface declares no methods, or if this Class object represents a primitive type, an array class, or void. The class initialization method <clinit> is not included in the returned array. If the class declares multiple public member methods with the same parameter types, they are all included in the returned array.

    See The Java Language Specification, section 8.2.

    Return:
    @return the array of Method objects representing all the declared methods of this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getDeclaredMethods0top

    native private Method[] getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly)
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  • getDeclaringClasstop

    public native Class<?> getDeclaringClass()
    If the class or interface represented by this Class object is a member of another class, returns the Class object representing the class in which it was declared. This method returns null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class. If this Class object represents an array class, a primitive type, or void,then this method returns null.
    Return:
    @return the declaring class for this class
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getEnclosingClasstop

    public Class<?> getEnclosingClass()
    Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class. If the underlying class is a top level class this method returns null.
    Return:
    @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getEnclosingConstructortop

    public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor()
    If this Class object represents a local or anonymous class within a constructor, returns a Constructor object representing the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class. Returns null otherwise. In particular, this method returns null if the underlying class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
    Return:
    @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise null.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getEnclosingMethodtop

    public Method getEnclosingMethod()
    If this Class object represents a local or anonymous class within a method, returns a Method object representing the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns null otherwise. In particular, this method returns null if the underlying class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
    Return:
    @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise null.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getEnclosingMethod0top

    native private Object[] getEnclosingMethod0()
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  • getEnclosingMethodInfotop

    private Class.EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo()
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  • getEnumConstantstop

    public T[] getEnumConstants()
    Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this Class object does not represent an enum type.
    Return:
    @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class represented by this Class object in the order they're declared, or null if this Class object does not represent an enum type
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getFactorytop

    private GenericsFactory getFactory()
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  • getFieldtop

    public Field getField(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException
    Returns a Field object that reflects the specified public member field of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String specifying the simple name of the desired field.

    The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the class represented by this object:

    1. If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the field to be reflected.
    2. If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.
    3. If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S. If C has no superclass, then a NoSuchFieldException is thrown.

    See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.3.

    Parameters:
    @param name the field name
    Return:
    @return the Field object of this class specified by name
    Exceptions:
    @exception NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is not found.
    @exception NullPointerException if name is null
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getField0top

    private Field getField0(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException
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  • getFieldstop

    public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException
    Returns an array containing Field objects reflecting all the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class or interface has no accessible public fields, or if it represents an array class, a primitive type, or void.

    Specifically, if this Class object represents a class, this method returns the public fields of this class and of all its superclasses. If this Class object represents an interface, this method returns the fields of this interface and of all its superinterfaces.

    The implicit length field for array class is not reflected by this method. User code should use the methods of class Array to manipulate arrays.

    See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.3.

    Return:
    @return the array of Field objects representing the public fields
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getGenericInfotop

    private ClassRepository getGenericInfo()
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  • getGenericInterfacestop

    public Type[] getGenericInterfaces()
    Returns the Types representing the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface represented by this object.

    If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the Type object returned for it must accurately reflect the actual type parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type representing each superinterface is created if it had not been created before. See the declaration of ParameterizedType for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.

    If this object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the implements clause of the declaration of the class represented by this object. In the case of an array class, the interfaces Cloneable and Serializable are returned in that order.

    If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the extends clause of the declaration of the interface represented by this object.

    If this object represents a class or interface that implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.

    If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method returns an array of length 0.

    Return:
    @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class
    Exceptions:
    @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic class signature does not conform to the format specified in the Java Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
    @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
    @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getGenericSignaturetop

    native private String getGenericSignature()
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  • getGenericSuperclasstop

    public Type getGenericSuperclass()
    Returns the Type representing the direct superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this Class.

    If the superclass is a parameterized type, the Type object returned must accurately reflect the actual type parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type representing the superclass is created if it had not been created before. See the declaration of ParameterizedType for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized types. If this Class represents either the Object class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the Class object representing the Object class is returned.

    Return:
    @return the superclass of the class represented by this object
    Exceptions:
    @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic class signature does not conform to the format specified in the Java Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
    @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass refers to a non-existent type declaration
    @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getInterfacestop

    public native Class[] getInterfaces()
    Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface represented by this object.

    If this object represents a class, the return value is an array containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the implements clause of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For example, given the declaration: 

     class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }
    suppose the value of s is an instance of Shimmer; the value of the expression: 
     s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]
    is the Class object that represents interface FloorWax; and the value of: 
     s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]
    is the Class object that represents interface DessertTopping.

    If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in the extends clause of the declaration of the interface represented by this object.

    If this object represents a class or interface that implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.

    If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method returns an array of length 0.

    Return:
    @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class.
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  • getMethodtop

    public Method getMethod(String name, Class... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
    Returns a Method object that reflects the specified public member method of the class or interface represented by this Class object. The name parameter is a String specifying the simple name the desired method. The parameterTypes parameter is an array of Class objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared order. If parameterTypes is null, it is treated as if it were an empty array.

    If the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a NoSuchMethodException is raised. Otherwise, the method to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the class represented by this object:

    1. C is searched for any matching methods. If no matching method is found, the algorithm of step 1 is invoked recursively on the superclass of C.
    2. If no method was found in step 1 above, the superinterfaces of C are searched for a matching method. If any such method is found, it is reflected.
    To find a matching method in a class C:  If C declares exactly one public method with the specified name and exactly the same formal parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more than one such method is found in C, and one of these methods has a return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is reflected; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.

    See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.4.

    Parameters:
    @param name the name of the method
    @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
    Return:
    @return the Method object that matches the specified name and parameterTypes
    Exceptions:
    @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found or if the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>".
    @exception NullPointerException if name is null
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getMethod0top

    private Method getMethod0(String name, Class[] parameterTypes)
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  • getMethodstop

    public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException
    Returns an array containing Method objects reflecting all the public member methods of the class or interface represented by this Class object, including those declared by the class or interface and those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces. Array classes return all the (public) member methods inherited from the Object class. The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if this Class object represents a class or interface that has no public member methods, or if this Class object represents a primitive type or void.

    The class initialization method <clinit> is not included in the returned array. If the class declares multiple public member methods with the same parameter types, they are all included in the returned array.

    See The Java Language Specification, sections 8.2 and 8.4.

    Return:
    @return the array of Method objects representing the public methods of this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getModifierstop

    public native int getModifiers()
    Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's constants for public, protected, private, final, static, abstract and interface; they should be decoded using the methods of class Modifier.

    If the underlying class is an array class, then its public, private and protected modifiers are the same as those of its component type. If this Class represents a primitive type or void, its public modifier is always true, and its protected and private modifiers are always false. If this object represents an array class, a primitive type or void, then its final modifier is always true and its interface modifier is always false. The values of its other modifiers are not determined by this specification.

    The modifier encodings are defined in The Java Virtual Machine Specification, table 4.1.

    Return:
    @return the int representing the modifiers for this class
    See:
    @see java.lang.reflect.Modifier
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getNametop

    public String getName()
    Returns the name of the entity (class, interface, array class, primitive type, or void) represented by this Class object, as a String.

    If this class object represents a reference type that is not an array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified by the Java Language Specification, Second Edition.

    If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the name returned is a String equal to the Java language keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.

    If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by one or more '[' characters representing the depth of the array nesting. The encoding of element type names is as follows:

    Element Type Encoding
    boolean Z
    byte B
    char C
    class or interface Lclassname;
    double D
    float F
    int I
    long J
    short S

    The class or interface name classname is the binary name of the class specified above.

    Examples: 

     String.class.getName()
     returns "java.lang.String"
 byte.class.getName()
     returns "byte"
 (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
 (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
     returns "[[[[[[[I"
    Return:
    @return the name of the class or interface represented by this object.
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  • getName0top

    native private String getName0()
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  • getPackagetop

    public Package getPackage()
    Gets the package for this class. The class loader of this class is used to find the package. If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created by the class loader of this class.

    Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes from the manifest.

    Return:
    @return the package of the class, or null if no package information is available from the archive or codebase.
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  • getPrimitiveClasstop

    static native Class getPrimitiveClass(String name)
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  • getProtectionDomaintop

    public ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain()
    Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class. If there is a security manager installed, this method first calls the security manager's checkPermission method with a RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain") permission to ensure it's ok to get the ProtectionDomain.
    Return:
    @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
    Exceptions:
    @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its checkPermission method doesn't allow getting the ProtectionDomain.
    See:
    @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
    @see SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission)
    @see RuntimePermission
    Since:
    @since 1.2
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  • getProtectionDomain0top

    native private ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0()
    Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
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  • getRawAnnotationstop

    native private byte[] getRawAnnotations()
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  • getReflectionFactorytop

    static private ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory()
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  • getResourcetop

    public URL getResource(String name)
    Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the defining class loader of the class. This method delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to ClassLoader.getSystemResource(java.lang.String).

    Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the given resource name using this algorithm:

    • If the name begins with a '/' ('\u002f'), then the absolute name of the resource is the portion of the name following the '/'.
    • Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form: 
         modified_package_name/name

      Where the modified_package_name is the package name of this object with '/' substituted for '.' ('\u002e').

    Parameters:
    @param name name of the desired resource
    Return:
    @return A java.net.URL object or null if no resource with this name is found
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getResourceAsStreamtop

    public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name)
    Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the defining class loader of the class. This method delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(java.lang.String).

    Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the given resource name using this algorithm:

    • If the name begins with a '/' ('\u002f'), then the absolute name of the resource is the portion of the name following the '/'.
    • Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form: 
         modified_package_name/name

      Where the modified_package_name is the package name of this object with '/' substituted for '.' ('\u002e').

    Parameters:
    @param name name of the desired resource
    Return:
    @return A java.io.InputStream object or null if no resource with this name is found
    Exceptions:
    @throws NullPointerException If name is null
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getSignerstop

    public native Object[] getSigners()
    Gets the signers of this class.
    Return:
    @return the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers. In particular, this method returns null if this object represents a primitive type or void.
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • getSimpleBinaryNametop

    private String getSimpleBinaryName()
    Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e., the binary name without the leading enclosing class name. Returns null if the underlying class is a top level class.
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  • getSimpleNametop

    public String getSimpleName()
    Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is anonymous.

    The simple name of an array is the simple name of the component type with "[]" appended. In particular the simple name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".

    Return:
    @return the simple name of the underlying class
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • getSuperclasstop

    public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass()
    Returns the Class representing the superclass of the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this Class. If this Class represents either the Object class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the Class object representing the Object class is returned.
    Return:
    @return the superclass of the class represented by this object.
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  • getTypeParameterstop

    public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters()
    Returns an array of TypeVariable objects that represent the type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this GenericDeclaration object, in declaration order. Returns an array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type variables.
    Return:
    @return an array of TypeVariable objects that represent the type variables declared by this generic declaration
    Exceptions:
    @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic signature of this generic declaration does not conform to the format specified in the Java Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
    Since:
    @since 1.5
    Specified by:
    getTypeParameters from GenericDeclaration
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  • initAnnotationsIfNecessarytop

    synchronized private void initAnnotationsIfNecessary()
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  • isAnnotationtop

    public boolean isAnnotation()
    Returns true if this Class object represents an annotation type. Note that if this method returns true, Class.isInterface() would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
    Return:
    @return true if this class object represents an annotation type; false otherwise
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • isAnnotationPresenttop

    public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)
    Returns true if an annotation for the specified type is present on this element, else false. This method is designed primarily for convenient access to marker annotations.
    Return:
    @return true if an annotation for the specified annotation type is present on this element, else false
    Specified by:
    isAnnotationPresent from AnnotatedElement
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  • isAnonymousClasstop

    public boolean isAnonymousClass()
    Returns true if and only if the underlying class is an anonymous class.
    Return:
    @return true if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • isArraytop

    public native boolean isArray()
    Determines if this Class object represents an array class.
    Return:
    @return true if this object represents an array class; false otherwise.
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • isAsciiDigittop

    static private boolean isAsciiDigit(char c)
    Character.isDigit answers true to some non-ascii digits. This one does not.
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  • isAssignableFromtop

    public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls)
    Determines if the class or interface represented by this Class object is either the same as, or is a superclass or superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified Class parameter. It returns true if so; otherwise it returns false. If this Class object represents a primitive type, this method returns true if the specified Class parameter is exactly this Class object; otherwise it returns false.

    Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the specified Class parameter can be converted to the type represented by this Class object via an identity conversion or via a widening reference conversion. See The Java Language Specification, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.

    Parameters:
    @param cls the Class object to be checked
    Return:
    @return the boolean value indicating whether objects of the type cls can be assigned to objects of this class
    Exceptions:
    @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is null.
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • isEnumtop

    public boolean isEnum()
    Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the source code.
    Return:
    @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the source code
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • isInstancetop

    public native boolean isInstance(Object obj)
    Determines if the specified Object is assignment-compatible with the object represented by this Class. This method is the dynamic equivalent of the Java language instanceof operator. The method returns true if the specified Object argument is non-null and can be cast to the reference type represented by this Class object without raising a ClassCastException. It returns false otherwise.

    Specifically, if this Class object represents a declared class, this method returns true if the specified Object argument is an instance of the represented class (or of any of its subclasses); it returns false otherwise. If this Class object represents an array class, this method returns true if the specified Object argument can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns false otherwise. If this Class object represents an interface, this method returns true if the class or any superclass of the specified Object argument implements this interface; it returns false otherwise. If this Class object represents a primitive type, this method returns false.

    Parameters:
    @param obj the object to check
    Return:
    @return true if obj is an instance of this class
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • isInterfacetop

    public native boolean isInterface()
    Determines if the specified Class object represents an interface type.
    Return:
    @return true if this object represents an interface; false otherwise.
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  • isLocalClasstop

    public boolean isLocalClass()
    Returns true if and only if the underlying class is a local class.
    Return:
    @return true if and only if this class is a local class.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • isLocalOrAnonymousClasstop

    private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass()
    Returns true if this is a local class or an anonymous class. Returns false otherwise.
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  • isMemberClasstop

    public boolean isMemberClass()
    Returns true if and only if the underlying class is a member class.
    Return:
    @return true if and only if this class is a member class.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • isPrimitivetop

    public native boolean isPrimitive()
    Determines if the specified Class object represents a primitive type.

    There are nine predefined Class objects to represent the eight primitive types and void. These are created by the Java Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that they represent, namely boolean, byte, char, short, int, long, float, and double.

    These objects may only be accessed via the following public static final variables, and are the only Class objects for which this method returns true.

    Return:
    @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
    See:
    @see Boolean.TYPE
    @see Character.TYPE
    @see Byte.TYPE
    @see Short.TYPE
    @see Integer.TYPE
    @see Long.TYPE
    @see Float.TYPE
    @see Double.TYPE
    @see Void.TYPE
    Since:
    @since JDK1.1
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  • isSynthetictop

    public boolean isSynthetic()
    Returns true if this class is a synthetic class; returns false otherwise.
    Return:
    @return true if and only if this class is a synthetic class as defined by the Java Language Specification.
    Since:
    @since 1.5
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  • newInstancetop

    public T newInstance() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
    Creates a new instance of the class represented by this Class object. The class is instantiated as if by a new expression with an empty argument list. The class is initialized if it has not already been initialized.

    Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the nullary constructor, including a checked exception. Use of this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler. The Constructor.newInstance method avoids this problem by wrapping any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException.

    Return:
    @return a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this object.
    Exceptions:
    @exception IllegalAccessException if the class or its nullary constructor is not accessible.
    @exception InstantiationException if this Class represents an abstract class, an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void; or if the class has no nullary constructor; or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
    @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
    @exception SecurityException If a security manager, s, is present and any of the following conditions is met:
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  • newInstance0top

    private T newInstance0() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
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  • privateGetDeclaredConstructorstop

    private Constructor[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly)
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  • privateGetDeclaredFieldstop

    private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly)
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  • privateGetDeclaredMethodstop

    private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly)
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  • privateGetPublicFieldstop

    private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set traversedInterfaces)
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  • privateGetPublicMethodstop

    private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods()
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  • registerNativestop

    static native private void registerNatives()
    Override hierarchy:
    registerNatives from Object
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  • resolveNametop

    private String resolveName(String name)
    Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/" if name is absolute
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  • searchFieldstop

    private Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name)
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  • searchMethodstop

    static private Method searchMethods(Method[] methods, String name, Class[] parameterTypes)
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  • setAnnotationTypetop

    void setAnnotationType(AnnotationType type)
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  • setProtectionDomain0top

    native void setProtectionDomain0(ProtectionDomain pd)
    Set the ProtectionDomain for this class. Called by ClassLoader.defineClass.
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  • setSignerstop

    native void setSigners(Object[] signers)
    Set the signers of this class.
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  • toClasstop

    static private Class toClass(Type o)
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  • toStringtop

    public String toString()
    Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by getName. If this Class object represents a primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type. If this Class object represents void this method returns "void".
    Return:
    @return a string representation of this class object.
    Override hierarchy:
    toString from Object
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Fields

  • ANNOTATION

    static final private int ANNOTATION = 8192

  • EMPTY_ANNOTATIONS_ARRAY

    static private Annotation[] EMPTY_ANNOTATIONS_ARRAY

  • ENUM

    static final private int ENUM = 16384

  • SYNTHETIC

    static final private int SYNTHETIC = 4096

  • allPermDomain

    static private ProtectionDomain allPermDomain
    protection domain returned when the internal domain is null

  • annotationType

    private sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationType annotationType

  • annotations

    transient private Map<Class, Annotation> annotations

  • cachedConstructor

    transient volatile private Constructor<T> cachedConstructor

  • classRedefinedCount

    transient volatile private int classRedefinedCount

  • declaredAnnotations

    transient private Map<Class, Annotation> declaredAnnotations

  • declaredConstructors

    transient volatile private SoftReference declaredConstructors

  • declaredFields

    transient volatile private SoftReference declaredFields

  • declaredMethods

    transient volatile private SoftReference declaredMethods

  • declaredPublicFields

    transient volatile private SoftReference declaredPublicFields

  • declaredPublicMethods

    transient volatile private SoftReference declaredPublicMethods

  • enumConstantDirectory

    transient volatile private Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory

  • enumConstants

    transient volatile private T[] enumConstants

  • genericInfo

    transient private sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository genericInfo

  • initted

    static private boolean initted

  • lastRedefinedCount

    transient volatile private int lastRedefinedCount

  • name

    transient private String name

  • newInstanceCallerCache

    transient volatile private Class newInstanceCallerCache

  • publicConstructors

    transient volatile private SoftReference publicConstructors

  • publicFields

    transient volatile private SoftReference publicFields

  • publicMethods

    transient volatile private SoftReference publicMethods

  • reflectionFactory

    static private sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory

  • serialPersistentFields

    static final private ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields
    Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol. A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the following format: 
          TC_CLASS ClassDescriptor
      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of 
      a java.io.ObjectStreamClass instance.
    A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.

  • serialVersionUID

    static final private long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163
    use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability

  • useCaches

    static private boolean useCaches
    Reflection support.